Light reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane light reaction is a process to produce

photosynthetic reaction mig33 sequence can be divided into two main parts: the light reactions (because it requires mig33 light) and dark reactions (do not require light but require carbon dioxide). Light reaction, occurs in grana (singular: granum), whereas the dark reactions occur in the stroma. In the light reactions, occurring conversion of light energy into chemical mig33 energy and produce oxygen (O 2). Meanwhile, in the dark reaction occurs cyclic series of reactions that form the basic ingredients of sugar from CO 2 and energy (ATP and NADPH). The energy used in the dark reaction is obtained from the light reaction. In the dark reaction process is not needed sunlight. Dark reactions, aiming to transform a compound containing carbon atoms into a molecule of sugar. Of all the solar radiation that is emitted, only certain wavelengths are used plants for photosynthesis, ie wavelengths in the range of visible light (380-700 nm). Visible light consists of red light (610-700 nm), yellow green (510-600 nm), blue (410-500 nm) and violet (<400 nm). Each of these different kinds of light effects on photosynthesis. mig33 This is related to the nature of the pigments that capture light in photosynthesis works. Pigment contained in grana membrane absorbs light having a certain wavelength. Different pigments absorb light at different wavelengths. chloroplasts contain some pigment. For example, the light-absorbing chlorophyll a mainly blue-violet and red. Chlorophyll b absorbs blue light and reflective orange and yellow-green. Chlorophyll a direct role in the light reactions, whereas chlorophyll b is not directly play a role in the light reactions. The process of absorption of light energy causes the release of high-energy electrons from chlorophyll a, which will then be distributed and captured mig33 by an electron acceptor. This process is the beginning of a long series of reactions of photosynthesis. Light reaction
Light reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane light reaction is a process to produce ATP and reduced NADP H 2. This reaction requires water molecules and sunlight. The process begins with the capture of photons by the antenna pigments. Light reaction involves two photosystems that work together, namely photosystem I and II. Photosystem I (PS I) contains the P700 reaction center, which means that the optimal photosystem absorb light at a wavelength of 700 nm, while the photosystem II (PS II) reaction centers containing P680 and optimal absorb light at a wavelength mig33 of 680 nm. The mechanism of the light reaction begins with a stage where photosystem II absorb sunlight so that the electrons excited chlorophyll in PS II and causes mig33 the charge to be unstable. To stabilize the back, PS II will take electrons from H 2 O molecules around it. Water molecules will be solved by manganese ions (Mn) which acts as an enzyme. This will result in the release of H + in the thylakoid lumen. By using electrons from water, PS II will further reduce plastokuinon (PQ) form PQH 2. Plastokuinon a quinone molecules found in the thylakoid membrane lipid bilayer. Plastokuinon will transmit electrons from PS II to an H + pump called cytochrome b 6-f complex. The overall reaction that occurs in PS II is: 2H 2 O + 4 photons 2PQ + 4H + - 4H + + O 2 + 2PQH 2 Cytochrome b 6-f complex serves to carry electrons from PS II to PS I with oxidizing PQH 2 and reduce small protein that is very easy to move and it contains copper, which is called plastosianin (PC). This incident also led to pump H + from the stroma to the thylakoid membrane. The reaction that occurs in the cytochrome b 6-f complex are: 2PQH 2 + 4PC (Cu 2 +) 2PQ + 4PC (Cu +) + 4 H + (lumen) of the cytochrome b 6 Electron-f complex will be accepted by photosystem I. These photosystems absorb light energy apart from PS II, but contain an integral core complex, which accepts electrons from H 2 O through the PS II core complex first. As the system relies on light, PS I plastosianin oxidize mig33 reduced function and move the electrons to Fe-S proteins called soluble feredoksin. The overall reaction in PS I is: Light + 4PC (Cu +) + 4FD (Fe 3 +) 4PC (Cu 2 +) + 4FD (Fe 2 +) then electrons from feredoksin used in the final stages of the transport of electrons mig33 to reduce NADP + and forming NADPH. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme in the stroma-NADP + reductase feredoksin. His reaction was: 4FD (Fe 2 +) + + + 2H + 2NADP 4FD (Fe 3 +) + H + ion 2NADPH that has been pumped into the thylakoid membrane will enter into ATP synthase. ATP synthase will embrace the formation of ATP by the transport of electrons and H + across the thylakoid membrane. The influx of H + on ATP synthase to make ATP synthase will work to change the ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ATP. Reaction to